ساختار کنترلی جدید برای مدیریت انرژی در خودروی برقی هیبرید پلاگین مبتنی بر نقشه‌های شناختی فازی

نویسندگان

دانشگاه بیرجند

چکیده

در این مقاله یک ساختار جدید کنترلی مبتنی بر نقشه‌های شناخت فازی (FCM) به‌منظور مدیریت مصرف انرژی در خودروهای برقی هیبرید پلاگین ارائه شده است. این کنترل‌کنندۀ نظارتی به‌گونه‌ای طراحی شده است تا علاوه بر تأمین توان درخواستی راننده، سطح شارژ باتری (SOC) را در محدودۀ قابل قبولی نگه داشته و همزمان میزان مصرف سوخت در واحد کیلومتر نیز کاهش دهد. از آنجایی‌ که در این روش نیاز به داشتن مدل دقیقی از سیستم وجود ندارد، حجم محاسبات در تعیین قانون کنترلی کمتر شده و پیاده‌سازی آن نسبت به روش‌های کلاسیک، پیچیدگی کمتری دارد. خودروی برقی هیبرید پلاگین در نظر گرفته‌شده در این مقاله، از نوع سری-موازی است. به‌منظور ارزیابی نتایج حاصل از به‌کارگیری ساختار کنترلی پیشنهادی، برای شبیه‌سازی، سه سیکل استاندارد رانندگی و یک سیکل رانندگی شهری تهران بزرگ در نظر گرفته شده است. نتایج حاصل از شبیه‌سازی نشان می‌دهد که روش کنترلی پیشنهادی، ضمن تأمین توان درخواستی، میزان مصرف سوخت را نسبت به کنترل‌کنندۀ فازی مرسوم کاهش داده و سطح شارژ باتری را در حد قابل قبولی نگه می‌دارد.  

کلیدواژه‌ها


[1] Gao, Y., Ehsani, M., "Design and Control Methodology of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles", IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 57, No. 2, pp. 633-640, 2010. [2] Wirasingha, S. G., Emadi, A., "Classification and Review of Control Strategies for Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles", IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, Vol. 60, No. 1, pp. 111-122, 2011. [3] Gong, Q., Li, Y., Peng, Z. R., "Trip-Based Optimal Power Management of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles", IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, Vol. 57, No. 6, pp. 3393-3401, 2008. [4] Gong, Q., Li, Y., Peng, Z. R., "Trip Based Power Management of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle with Two-Scale Dynamic Programming", 2007 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, pp. 12-19, Arlington, TX, 2007. [5] Kum, D., Peng, H., Bucknor, N. K., "Optimal Energy and Catalyst Temperature Management of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles for Minimum Fuel Consumption and Tail-Pipe Emissions", IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 14-26, 2013. [6] Markel, T., Simpson, A., "Cost-benefit Analysis of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Technology", World Electric Vehicle Journal, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 294-301, 2007. [7] Moura, S. J., Fathy, H. K., Callaway, D. S., Stein, J. L., "A Stochastic Optimal Control Approach for Power Management in Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles", IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, Vol. 19, No. 3, pp. 545-555, 2011. [8] Kim, N., Cha, S., Peng, H., "Optimal Control of Hybrid Electric Vehicles Based on Pontryagin's Minimum Principle", IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, Vol. 19, No. 5, pp. 1279-1287, 2011. [9] Xu, K., Qiu, B., Liu, G., Chen, Q., "Energy Management Strategy Design of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Bus Based on Pontryagin's Minimum Principle", 2014 IEEE Conference and Expo Transportation Electrification Asia-Pacific (ITEC Asia-Pacific), pp. 1-6, Beijing, 2014. [10] Geng, B., Mills, J. K., Sun, D., "Energy Management Control of Microturbine-Powered Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles Using the Telemetry Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy", IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, Vol. 60, No. 9, pp. 4238-4248, 2011. [11] Bashash, S., Fathy, H. K., "Cost-Optimal Charging of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles Under Time-Varying Electricity Price Signals", IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, Vol. 15, No. 5, pp. 1958-1968, 2014. [12] Chen, Z., Mi, C. C., Xiong, R., Xu, J., You, C., "Energy Management of a Power-split Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Based on Genetic Algorithm and Quadratic Programming", Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 248, pp. 416-426, 2014. [13] Wang, R., Lukic, S. M., "Dynamic Programming Technique in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Optimization", 2012 IEEE International Electric Vehicle Conference, pp. 1-8, Greenville, SC, 2012. [14] Patil, R. M., Filipi, Z., Fathy, H. K., "Comparison of Supervisory Control Strategies for Series Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Powertrains through Dynamic Programming", IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 502-509, 2014. [15] Vajedi, M., Azad, N. L., "Ecological Adaptive Cruise Controller for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles Using Nonlinear Model Predictive Control", IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 113-122, 2016. [16] Hsieh, Y. M., Liu, Y. C., "Model Predictive Control Strategy for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles", 2016 14th International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision (ICARCV), pp. 1-6, Phuket, 2016. [17] Chen, Z., Mi, C. C., Xu, J., Gong, X., You, C., "Energy Management for a Power-split Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Based on Dynamic Programming and Neural Networks", IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, Vol. 63, No. 4, pp. 1567-1580, 2014. [18] Gong, Q., Li, Y., Peng, Z., "Power Management of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles Using Neural Network Based Trip Modeling", 2009 American Control Conference, pp. 4601-4606, St. Louis, MO, 2009. [19] Li, S. G., Sharkh, S. M., Walsh, F. C., Zhang, C. N., "Energy and Battery Management of a Plug-in Series Hybrid Electric Vehicle Using Fuzzy Logic", IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, Vol. 60, No. 8, pp. 3571-3585, 2011. [20] Denis, N., Dubois, M. R., Desrochers, A., "Fuzzy-based Blended Control for The Energy Management of A Parallel Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle", IET Intelligent Transport Systems, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 30-37, 2015. [21] Zhang, Y., Liu, H., Guo, Q., "Varying-Domain Optimal Management Strategy for Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicles", IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, Vol. 63, No. 2, pp. 603-616, 2014. [22] Huang, B., Wang, Z., Xu, Y., "Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm for Hybrid Electric Vehicle Parameter Optimization", 2006 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, pp. 5177-5182, Beijing, 2006. [23] Wu, X., Cao, B., Wen, J., Bian, Y., "Particle Swarm Optimization for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Control Strategy Parameter", 2008 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, pp. 1-5, Harbin, 2008. [24] Banvait, H., Anwar, S., Chen, Y., "A Rule-based Energy Management Strategy for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV)", 2009 American Control Conference, pp. 3938-3943, St. Louis, MO, 2009. [25] Sorrentino, M., Rizzo, G., Arsie, I., "Analysis of A Rule-Based Control Strategy for On-board Energy Management of Series Hybrid Vehicles", Control Engineering Practice, Vol. 19, No. 12, pp. 1433-1441, 2011. [26] اجتهد، سید حسین، خوبی آرانی، سعید، حلوایی نیاسر، ابوالفضل، حاجی‌زاده، امین، «مدیریت بهینۀ توان در خودروی برقی با دو منبع انرژی با استفاده از کنترل‌کنندۀ فازی بهینه‌شده با الگوریتم ژنتیک»، نشریه علمی پژوهشی مهندسی و مدیریت انرژی، دورۀ ششم، شمارۀ 3، 34ـ45، 1395. [27] Stylios, C.D., Groumpos, P.P., "Modeling Complex Systems Using Fuzzy Cognitive Maps", IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Part A: Systems and Humans, Vol. 34, No.1, pp.155-162, 2004. [28] Williamson, S. S., "Energy Management Strategies for Electric and Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles", Springer, 2013. [29] Axelord, R., "Structure of Decision: The Cognitive Maps of Political Elites", Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press, 1976. [30] Kosko, B., "Fuzzy Cognitive Maps", International journal of man-machine studies, Vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 65–75, 1986. [31] Papageorgiou, E. I., "Learning Algorithms for Fuzzy Cognitive Maps—A Review Study", IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C (Applications and Reviews), Vol. 42, No. 2, pp. 150-163, 2012. [32] Dickerson, J. A., Kosko, B., "Virtual Worlds as Fuzzy Cognitive Maps", Presence, Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 173–189, 1994. [33] Koulouriotis, D. E., Diakoulakis, I. E., Emiris, D. M., "Learning Fuzzy Cognitive Maps Using Evolution Strategies: A Novel Schema for Modeling and Simulating High-level Behavior", 2001 Proceedings of the 2001 Congress on Evolutionary Computation, IEEE, Vol. 1, pp. 364–371, Seoul, South Korea, 2001. [34] Alizadeh, S., Ghazanfari, M., Jafari, M., Hooshmand, S., "Learning FCM by Tabu Search", International Journal of Computer Science, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 142–149, 2007. [35] Alizadeh, S., Ghazanfari, M., Fathian, M., "Using Data Mining for Learning and Clustering FCM", International journal of computational intelligence, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 118–125, 2008. [36] Papageorgiou, E. I., Groumpos, P. P., "A New Hybrid Learning Algorithm for Fuzzy Cognitive Maps Learning", Applied Soft Computing, Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 409–431, 2005. [37] Zhu, Y., Zhang, W., "An Integrated Framework for Learning Fuzzy Cognitive Map Using RCGA and NHL Algorithm", 2008 4th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing, pp. 1-5, Dalian, China, 2008. [38] Stach, W., Kurgan, L. A., Pedrycz, W., "A Survey of Fuzzy Cognitive Maps Learning Methods", Issues in Soft Computing: Theory and Applications, pp. 71-84, 2005. [39] Miao, Y., Liu, Z. Q., Siew, C. K., Miao, C. Y., "Dynamical Cognitive Network - An Extension of Fuzzy Cognitive Map", IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems, Vol. 9, No. 5, pp. 760-770, Oct 2001. [40] Papageorgiou, E. I., "A Novel Approach on Constructed Dynamic Fuzzy Cognitive Maps Using Fuzzified Decision Trees and Knowledge-Extraction Techniques", Fuzzy Cognitive Maps: Advances in Theory, Methodolo- gies, Tools and Applications, Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing, Springer-Verlag, Vol. 247, Chapter 3, pp. 43–70, 2010. [41] Acampora, G., Loia, V., "On the Temporal Granularity in Fuzzy Cognitive Maps", IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems, Vol. 19, No. 6, pp. 1040-1057, 2011. [42] Larra˜naga, P., Lozano, J. A., "Estimation of Distribution Algorithms: A New Tool for Evolutionary Computation", Vol. 2. Springer, 2002. [43] Behzadpour, A., Eliasi, H., "Fuzzy Based Controller Design for Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle: An Approach to Fuel Consumption and Emission Reduction", 2015 2nd International Conference on Knowledge-Based Engineering and Innovation (KBEI), pp. 640-649, Tehran, Iran, 2015. [44] https://www.dieselnet.com/standards/cycles/ece_eudc.php [45] Barmaki, R., Ilkhani, M., Salehpour, S., "Investigation of Energy Usage and Emissions on Plug-in and Hybrid Electric Vehicle", Tehnički Vjesnik, Vol. 23, No. 3, pp. 899-906, 2016.