مروری بر روش های تحلیل، کنترل، پیاده سازی و ارزیابی درایوهای موتورهای DC بدون جاروبک

نویسنده

دانشگاه کاشان

چکیده

امروزه با توجه به گسترش روزافزون کاربرد موتورهای الکتریکی در بخش‌های خانگی، تجاری و صنعتی، برای مصرف بهینۀ انرژی الکتریکی، طراحی و ساخت موتورهای الکتریکی پربازده و محرکه‌های سرعت متغیر مربوط، مورد توجه زیادی قرار گرفته است. در این بین، موتورهای DC بدون جاروبک (BLDC)[1] به‌دلیل مزایای فراوان نظیر بازده بالا، چگالی توان و گشتاور زیاد، سهولت در کنترل، روش ساخت ساده‌، قابلیت اطمینان بالا و نگهداری کم‌هزینه‌تر، طی دو دهۀ اخیر در کاربردهای مختلف مورد استفاده قرار گرفته‌اند. این موتور از جهت ساختمان شبیه موتور سنکرون آهن‌ربای دائم است، اما به سادگی موتور DC قابل کنترل است. این ویژگی‌ها سبب شده است تا اقبال بسیار زیادی به استفاده از این موتورها در طیف وسیعی از کاربردها نشان داده شود. این مقاله با هدف کمک به توسعه و ترویج استفاده از این موتورها در کاربردهای مختلف صنعتی و نیمه‌صنعتی، مروری به جنبه‌های مختلف موتورهای BLDC شامل ویژگی‌ها، مدل‌سازی، اینورترهای مورد استفاده و تحلیل روش‌های مختلف کنترلی و در نهایت به بیان نکات پیاده‌سازی محرکۀ موتور BLDC می‌پردازد. مزایا و معایب روش‌های مختلف کنترلی موتور BLDC، نکات مربوط به استفاده از روش‌های کنترل بدون حسگر، مؤثر بودن روش‌های کاهش ضربان گشتاور[2] ناشی از کموتاسیون و کنترل در ناحیۀ کاهش شار برای یک موتور BLDC با جزئیات بیشتری توصیف می‌شوند. در نهایت در خصوص استفاده از روش‌های فوق در یک محرکۀ تجاری موتور BLDC پیشنهاداتی ارائه می‌شود.

 


[1]. Brushless DC



[2]. Torque Ripple

کلیدواژه‌ها


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