مطالعۀ عددی به‌منظور بررسی همزمان تأثیر زمان‌بندی پاشش سوخت و ترکیبات گاز سنتز بر عملکرد و انتشار آلاینده‌های موتور اشتعال تراکمی با واکنش‌پذیری کنترل‌شده

[1] Wissink, M. and Reitz, R.D., "Direct dual fuel stratification, a path to combine the benefits of RCCI and PPC", SAE Int. J. Engines, Vol. 8, pp 878–889, 2015. [2] Sellnau, M.C, Sinnamon, J., Hoyer, K. and Husted, H., "Full-time gasoline direct-injection compression ignition (GDCI) for high e_ciency and low NOX and PM", SAE Int. J. Engines, Vol. 5, pp 300–314, 2012. [3] Kokjohn, S.L. and Reitz, R.D., "An investigation of charge preparation strategies for controlled PPCI combustion using a variable pressure injection system", Int. J. Eng. Res., Vol. 11, pp 257–282, 2010. [4] Lu, X., Han, D. and Huang, Z., "Fuel design and management for the control of advanced compression-ignition combustion modes. Prog. Energy Combust", Sci. Vol. 37, pp 741–783, 2011. [5] Paykani, A., Kakaee, A.H., Rahnama, P. and Reitz, R.D. "Progress and recent trends in reactivity-controlled compression ignition engines", Int. J. Engine Res. Vol. 17, pp. 481–524, 2016. [6] Kokjohn, S., Hanson, R., Splitter, D., Kaddatz, J. and Reitz, R., "Fuel reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) combustion in light-and heavy-duty engines", SAE Int. J. Engines, Vol. 4, pp. 360–374, 2011. [7] Walker, N.R., Wissink, M.L., DelVescovo, D.A. and Reitz, R.D., "Natural gas for high load dual-fuel reactivity controlled compression ignition in heavy-duty engines", J. Energy Resour. Technol. Vol. 137, pp 42202-42209, 2015. [8] Nieman, D.E., Dempsey, A.B. and Reitz, R.D., "Heavy-duty RCCI operation using natural gas and diesel", SAE Int. J. Engines, Vol. 5, pp 270–285, 2012. [9] Dempsey, A.B., Adhikary, B.D., Viswanathan, S. and Reitz, R.D., "Reactivity controlled compression ignition using premixed hydrated ethanol and direct injection diesel", J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power, Vol. 134, pp 82806-82817, 2012. [10] Benajes, J., Molina, S., García, A. and Monsalve-Serrano, J., "E_ects of direct injection timing and blending ratio on RCCI combustion with di_erent low reactivity fuels. Energy Convers", Manag., Vol. 99, pp. 193–209, 2015. [11] Li, J., Yang, W., Zhou, D. "Review on the management of RCCI engines. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. Vol. 69, pp. 65–79, 2017. [12] Sahoo, B.B., Sahoo, N., Saha, U.K. Effect of H2: CO ratio in syngas on the performance of a dual fuel diesel engine operation". Appl. Therm. Eng., Vol. 49, pp. 139–146, 2012. [13] Bika, A.S., Franklin, L. and Kittelson, D., "Cycle E_ciency and Gaseous Emissions from A Diesel Engine Assisted with Varying Proportions of Hydrogen and Carbon Monoxide (Syngas Gas)", SAE Technical Paper: Warrendale, PA, USA, 2011. [14] Rahnama, P., Paykani, A., Bordbar, V. and Reitz, R.D., "A numerical study of the e_ects of reformer gas composition on the combustion and emission characteristics of a natural gas/diesel RCCI engine enriched with reformer gas", Fuel, Vol. 209, pp. 742–753, 2017. [15] Rahnama, P., Paykani, A. and Reitz, R.D., "A numerical study of the e_ects of using hydrogen, reformer gas and nitrogen on combustion, emissions and load limits of a heavy duty natural gas/diesel RCCI engine", Appl. Energy, Vol. 193, pp. 182–198, 2017. [16] Chuahy, F.D.F. and Kokjohn, S., "System and Second Law Analysis of the E_ects of Reformed Fuel Composition in “Single” Fuel RCCI Combustion", SAE Int. J. Engines, Vol. 11, pp 861–878, 2018. [17] Chuahy, F.D.F. and Kokjohn, S.L., "E_ects of reformed fuel composition in “single” fuel reactivity controlled compression ignition combustion", Appl. Energy, Vol. 208, pp. 1–11, 2017. [18] Chuahy, F.D.F. and Kokjohn, S.L., "High e_ciency dual-fuel combustion through thermochemical recovery and diesel reforming", Appl. Energy, Vol. 195, pp. 503–522, 2017. [19] Xu, Z., Jia, M., Li, Y., Chang, Y., Xu, G., Xu, L. and Lu, X., "Computational optimization of fuel supply, syngas composition, and intake conditions for a syngas/diesel RCCI engine", Fuel, Vol. 234, pp. 120–134, 2018. [20] Rutland, C.J. "Modeling Investigation of Di_erent Methods to Suppress Engine Knock on a Small Spark Ignition Engine", J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power, Vol. 137, pp. 61506, 2016. [21] Costa, M., Villetta, M.L., Massarotti, N., Piazzullo, D., Rocco, V. "Numerical analysis of a compression ignition engine powered in the dual-fuel mode with syngas and biodiesel", Energy, Vol. 137, pp. 969–979, 2017. [22] Reza mahmoodi. et al, "Effect of reformed biogas as a low reactivity fuel on performance and emissions of a RCCI engine with reformed biogas/diesel dual-fuel combustion", International Journal of Hydrogen Energy Vol. 46, pp. 16494-16512, 2021 [23] Reza mahmoodi. et al, "Effect of reformed biogas as a low reactivity fuel on performance and emissions of a RCCI engine with reformed biogas/diesel dual-fuel combustion", International Journal of Hydrogen Energy Vol. 46, pp. 16494-16512, 2021. [24] Reza mahmoodi. et al, "Effect of reformed biogas as a low reactivity fuel on performance and emissions of a RCCI engine with reformed biogas/diesel dual-fuel combustion", International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 46, pp. 16494-16512, 2021. [25] Tess, M. J., Chang-Wook, L. and Reitz, R. D., "Diesel engine size scaling at medium load without EGR", SAE International Journal of Engines, Vol. 4, pp. 1993-2009, 2011. [26] Verma, S., Das, L.M., Kaushik, S.C. and Tyagi, S.K., "An experimental investigation of exergetic performance and emission characteristics of hydrogen supplemented biogas-diesel dual fuel engine", Int J Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 43, pp. 2452–68, 2018. [27] Tess, M. J., Chang-Wook, L. and Reitz, R. D., "Diesel engine size scaling at medium load without EGR", SAE International Journal of Engines, Vol. 4, pp. 1993-2009, 2011. [28] Richards, K., Senecal, P.K. and Pomraning, E., CONVERGE v2. 3 Manual. Convergent Science, Inc., Madison, WI, 2016. [29] Patel, S. Kong, and Reitz, R. D., "Development and Validation of a Reduced Reaction Mechanism for HCCI Engine Simulations", SAE Technical Paper 2004-01-0558, 2004, https://doi. org/10. 4271/2004-01-0558. [30] Wang, H., Reitz, R. D., Yao, M., Yang, B., Jiao, Q. and Qiu, L., "Development of an n-heptane-n-butanol-PAH mechanism and its application for combustion and soot prediction", Combustion and Flame, Vol. 160, pp. 504-519, 2013. [31] Kokjohn, S. L. and Reitz, R. D., "Reactivity controlled compression ignition and conventional diesel combustion: a comparison of methods to meet light-duty NOx and fuel economy targets", International Journal of Engine Research, Vol. 14, pp. 452-468, 2013. [32] Yakhot, V., Orszag, S. A., Thangam, S., Gatski, T. B. and C. G. Speziale, "Development of turbulence models for shear flows by a double expansion technique", Physics of Fluids A: Fluid Dynamics, Vol. 4, pp. 1510-1520, 1992. [33] Yakhot, V., et al., "Development of turbulence models for shear flows by a double expansion technique", Api.Physics of Fluids A: Fluid Dynamics, Vol. 4(7): pp. 1510-1520, 1992. [34] Amsden, A. A., Orourke, P. J. and Butler, T. D. KIVA-2: "A computer program for chemically reactive flows with sprays", NASA STI/recon technical report N, pp. 89, 1989. [35] Naber, J. and Reitz, R. D., "Modeling engine spray/wall impingement", SAE transactions, pp. 118-140, 1988. [36] Chuahy, F.D. and Kokjohn, S.L., "High efficiency dual-fuel combustion through thermochemical recovery and diesel reforming", Applied energy, Vol. 195, pp. 503-522, 2017.