تأثیر ارتفاع ساختمان‌های متقابل بر جریان هوا و توزیع آلاینده‌ها در خیابان‌های باریک و عمیق شهری در شرایط وقوع پدیدۀ غبار- مه

نویسندگان

دانشگاه کاشان

چکیده

در این مقاله، شبیه‌سازی جریان هوای اتمسفری (هوا، ریز ذرات، غبار وآلاینده‌های وسایل نقلیه) به‌منظور بررسی میدان جریان (حرکت ذرات پخش آلایند‌گی‌ها) و انتقال حرارت (هدایت، جابه‌جایی و تشعشع) درون خیابان‌های باریک و عمیق (دره‌های شهری) انجام شده است. مطالعۀ عددی برای چهار ساعت مختلف از روز (10 صبح، 1 بعد از ظهر، 4 بعد از ظهر و 8 شب) انجام شده است. هدف این است که وضعیت آب‌وهوایی موجود در دره‌های شهری را مورد بررسی قرار داده و متغیرهای فیزیکی مؤثر بر این واحدها، نظیر جهت‌گیری و هندسۀ خیابان‌ها، ارتفاع ساختمان‌های متقابل، جریان هوا، انتقال حرارت و سایر موارد را با استفاده از روش‌های دینامیک سیالات محاسباتی مورد ارزیابی قرار داد. با استفاده از نتایج کار حاضر می‌توان به ساختار شهری ایده‌آلی دست یافت که از سازگاری بیشتری با محیط زیست برخوردار باشد. طبق نتایج، در تمامی ساعت‌ها و ماه‌های مورد بررسی، انتقال حرارت جابه‌جایی طبیعی برای جریان سیال در برابر جابه‌جایی اجباری ناچیز بوده و عمده حرکت جریان سیال و آلاینده‌ها به‌واسطۀ سرعت باد در ورودی و سرعت پخش آلاینده‌هاست؛ به‌طوری که هرچه سرعت باد در بالای ساختمان پشت به باد نسبت به سرعت ورود آلاینده‌ها بیشتر باشد، غلظت آلایندگی در ناحیۀ بین دو ساختمان بیشتر است. دره‌هایی که در آن‌ها ساختمان پشت به باد کوتاه‌تر است و در کل ارتفاع هر دو ساختمان متقابل نسبت به عرض و طول خیابان کم است، کمترین غلظت آلایندگی را در سطح اشغال‌شدۀ عابران پیاده دارا هستند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


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