A Proposed Bidding Structure of Reactive Power Provision by Three-Phase Inverter-Based (DERs) for Market Participation

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

Abstract

With the increasing penetration of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) in distribution networks, the effective utilization of these resources in ancillary service provision necessitates the integration of both technical and economic considerations. This paper proposes a novel bidding Structure for reactive power provision by three-phase inverter-based distributed energy resources (TIDERs) to enable their participation in the reactive power market. The proposed structure incorporated the additional costs incurred by TIDERs in generating unbalanced reactive power to mitigate voltage imbalance in the system, thereby establishing financial incentives that encouraged their participation in providing this ancillary service. The proposed payment function, which incorporated both balanced and unbalanced reactive power components, was formulated and employed as the market objective function. Furthermore, voltage unbalance constraints were incorporated into the market-clearing process to better reflect the technical and economic impacts of this service. The simulation results demonstrated that the payments made to TIDERs led to the increased participation of these resources in producing unbalanced reactive power, which consequently reduced voltage imbalance in the system. Furthermore, due to the competitive structure of the unbalanced reactive power market, the system operator was able to procure this ancillary service at minimal cost.

Keywords

References

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