Optimal Design of a TID Controller Based on the Minimization of Peak Overshoot of Frequency Deviation and Integral of Time-Weighted Absolute Error for Load- Frequency Control of Interconnected Two-Area Power Systems with Thermal, Gas, Hydro, Wind, an

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 shahrood

2 Shahrood University of Technology

10.22052/eem.2024.254535.1058

Abstract

Nowadays, with the increasing demand for electrical energy and the high penetration of renewable energy sources, frequency fluctuations pose a significant challenge to power system operators. In this paper, thus, with a new perspective, the frequency-load control problem according to the measures of (i) peak overshoot of frequency deviation and (ii) integral of time-weighted absolute error is explored for an interconnected two-area power system. To that end, the proposed interconnected two-area power system consists of thermal, gas, and hydro power generation sources as well as wind and solar renewable energy sources. Additionally, and from a technical perspective, nonlinear factors including dead-band governor and generation rate constraints are also taken into account for the newly developed interconnected two-area power system. To control the frequency, a fractional-order TID controller is widely employed due to its simple structure and high accuracy, which its coefficients optimized by a well-adjusted genetic algorithm. For comparison purposes, the performance of the suggested TID controller is compared with a PID controller in terms of dynamic parameters such as frequency deviation range, settling time, and stability speed. Simulation of the proposed interconnected two-area power system in the MATLAB/SIMULINK environment indicates that the proposed TID controller under various operating conditions exhibits better effectiveness and efficiency compared to the PID controller in terms of improving dynamic parameters.

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