Improved Nanofluid Cooling of Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Pack in Charge/Discharge Operation Using Wavy/Stair Channels and Copper Sheaths

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran

Abstract

In order to improve a thermal management system for cooling an electric vehicle battery pack, the thermal performance of the battery pack in two states of charge and discharge has been studied using numerical simulation. To this end, the thermal performance of the battery pack was tested in different working conditions using a copper sheath around the batteries and a copper sheath as well as a stair channel on top of the battery pack while using nanofluid as cooling fluid. The thermal model for the battery pack with 71 cylindrical lithium-ion batteries, model 18650, has already been investigated. For development of that model, the thermal behavior of the battery set as well as the effect of variables are investigated. These variables include  electric current rate both on charge and on discharge processes, the rate of fluid flow, the addition of copper oxide nanoparticles to water-based fluid, the change of contact surface between neighboring batteries and creation, and the wave channel for the batteries Numerical simulation results confirm the useful effect of the cooling system. The simulation results showed that increasing the electric current rate raised the temperature and decreased the uniformity of temperature distribution in the battery pack. For this purpose, some changes were made to improve the thermal performance of the battery. Increasing the volume percentage of nanoparticles caused a decrease in the maximum temperature and in the temperature difference in the battery assembly, which led to an improvement in the thermal performance of the cooling system. Also, increasing the fluid flow rate reduced the maximum temperature and improved the temperature uniformity in the battery pack. With increasing the rate of coolant inlet flow, 7.7% and 12.5% decreases in the maximum temperature and temperature differences in the charge and discharge processes were observed in the battery pack respectively. Finally, increasing the contact surface between the batteries and the wave channel from 37 degrees to 57 degrees could reduce the temperature difference and the maximum temperature in the battery set by 5.2 and 52.3 percent respectively. However, the temperature uniformity in the set had an adverse effect.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

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Energy Engineering and Management
Volume 13, Issue 1
March 2023
Pages 102-121

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