Designing and Evaluation of a Hybrid Islanding Detection Method for Inverter-Based Distributed Generation Resources

Authors

Abstract

In Recent advances in renewable energy technologies as well as the restructuring of the electricity market have increased the use of renewable energy resources. The use of these energy sources has many benefits such as increasing reliability, improving power quality, and peak shaving. However, one of the main disadvantages of these energy sources is the islanding detection. The island mode occurs when the main grid is interrupted for any reason, and the part of the grid that contains distributed generation supplies local loads independently from the main grid. Unintentional islanding causes problems such as protective interference and damage to consumer equipment. As a result, the fast detection and disruption of the distributed generation is essential to prevent equipment damaging. This paper presents a new hybrid islanding detection method for distributed generation resources to activate the real power shift method in case the rate of frequency change, in the first stage, exceeds the threshold. Then, if by changing the real part of the DG output current, the voltage amplitude changed, the islanding event would be detected.  The proposed method is implemented and simulated in the Matlab/Simulink environment.  It was also investigated under various conditions such as load switching, motor starting, and multi-DG mode. The simulation results showed the performance of the proposed method in islanding detection in these conditions.

Keywords


[1] Islam, M. M., Nagrial, M., Rizk, J. and Hellany, A. "Comprehensive review of islanding detection methods for distributed generation systems", Sustainability, Vol. 13, No. 16, pp. 1-45, 2021. [2] Kim, M. S., Haider, R., Cho, G. J., Kim, C. H., Won, C. Y. and Chai, J. S. "Comprehensive review of islanding detection methods for distributed generation systems", Energies, Vol. 12, No. 5, pp. 1–21, 2019. [3] Bharti, I.P., Singh, N. K., Gupta, O. H., and Singh, A. K., "Developments in Islanding Detection and Its Comparison: A Comprehensive Review", 2021 IEEE 8th Uttar Pradesh Section International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (UPCON), pp. 1-10, 2021. [4] Naraghipour, K., Ahmed, K. and Booth, C. "A comprehensive review of islanding detection methods for distribution systems", 2020 9th International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Application (ICRERA), pp. 428-433, 2020. [5] Hatata, A. Y., Abd-Raboh, E. H. and Sedhom, B. E. "A review of anti-islanding protection methods for renewable distributed generation systems”, J. Electr. Eng., vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 235–246, 2016. [6] Abokhalil, A. G., Awan, A. B. and Al-Qawasmi, A. R. "Comparative study of passive and active islanding detection methods for PV grid-connected systems", Sustain, Vol. 10, No. 6, pp. 1–15, 2018. [7] IEEE Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems, IEEE Standard 1547-2003, Jul. 2003. [8] Zamani, R., Golshan, M. E. H., Alhelou, H. H. and Hatziargyriou, N. "A novel hybrid islanding detection method using dynamic characteristics of synchronous generator and signal processing technique", Electric Power Systems Research, Vol. 175, PP. 1-9. 2019. [9] R. Zamani, M. E. H. Golshan, H. H. Alhelou and N. Hatziargyriou. "A novel hybrid islanding detection method using dynamic characteristics of synchronous generator and signal processing technique", Electric Power Systems Research, Vol. 175, PP.1-9, 2019. [10] Zeineldin, H. H. and Kirtley, J. L. "Performance of the OVP/UVP and OFP/UFP method with voltage and frequency dependent loads", IEEE Trans. Power Deliv., Vol. 24, No. 2, pp. 772–778, 2009. [11] Nikolovski, S., Baghaee, H. R., and Mlakić, D. "Islanding detection of synchronous generator-based dgs using rate of change of reactive power", IEEE Syst. J., Vol. 13, No. 4, pp. 1–11, 2018. [12] Haider, R., Kim, C. H., Ghanbari, T. and Bukhari, S. B. A. "Harmonic-signature-based islanding detection in grid-connected distributed generation systems using Kalman filter", IET Renewable Power Generation, Vol. 12, No. 15, pp. 1813-1822, 2018. [13] Valsamas, F., Voglitsis, D., Rigogiannis, N., Papanikolaou, N. and Kyritsis, A. "Comparative study of active anti-islanding schemes compatible with MICs in the prospect of high penetration levels and weak grid conditions", in IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, Vol. 12, No. 20, pp. 4589-4596, 2018. [14] Pourbabak, H. and Kazemi, A. "Islanding detection method based on a new approach to voltage phase angle of constant power inverters", IET Gener. Transm. Distrib., Vol. 10, No. 5, pp. 1190–1198, 2016. [15] Jia, K., Wei, H., Bi, T., Thomas, D. W. and Sumner, M. "An islanding detection method for multi-dg systems based on high-frequency impedance estimation", IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 74-83, 2017. [16] Raipala, O., Mäkinen, A., Repo, S. and Järventausta, P. "An anti-islanding protection method based on reactive power injection and ROCOF", IEEE Trans. Power Deliv., Vol. 32, No. 1, pp. 401–410, 2017. [17] Vahedi, H., Karrari, M. and Gharehpetian, G. B. "Accurate SFS parameter design criterion for inverter-based distributed generation", in IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 31, No. 3, pp. 1050-1059, 2016. [18] Zeineldin, H. H. and Salama, M. M. "Comments on "Impact of Load Frequency Dependence on the NDZ and Performance of the SFS Islanding Detection Method", IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 64, No. 9, pp. 7277-7279, 2017. [19] Akhlaghi, S., Sarailoo, M., Akhlaghi, A. and Ghadimi, A. A. "A novel hybrid approach using sms and ROCOF for islanding detection of inverter-based DGs", 2017 IEEE Power and Energy Conference at Illinois (PECI), Champaign, IL, pp. 1-7, 2017. [20] اصطهباناتی، سحر، برخورداری یزدی، مجتبی و محمدی، سیدمحمدعلی، هژبری، حسین، «تشخیص عملکرد جزیرهای در یک ریزشبکه با استفاده از روش ترکیبی (اندازه‌گیری نرخ تغییرات فرکانس و محاسبۀ امپدانس فرکانس بالا»، پنجمین کنفرانس مهندسی دانش‌بنیان و نوآوری، تهران، اسفند 1397. [21] Khodaparastan, M., Vahedi, H., Khazaeli, F., and Oraee, H. "A novel hybrid islanding detection method for inverter-based DGs using SFS and ROCOF", IEEE Trans. Power Deliv., Vol. 32, No. 5, pp. 2162–2170, 2017. [22] Samet, H., Hashemi, F. and Ghanbari, T. "Islanding detection method for inverter-based distributed generation with negligible non-detection zone using energy of rate of change of voltage phase angle", in IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, Vol. 9, No. 15, pp. 2337-2350, 2015. [23] Vieira, J. C., Freitas, W., Huang, Z., Xu, W. and Morelato, A. "Formulas for predicting the dynamic performance of ROCOF relays for embedded generation applications", Inst. Eng. Technol., Vol. 153, No. 4, pp. 399–406, 2006. [24] Zeineldin, H. H. "A Q-f droop curve for facilitating islanding detection of inverter-based distributed generation", IEEE Trans. Power Electron., Vol. 24, No. 3, pp. 665–673, 2009. [25] Mahat, P., Chen, Z. and Bak-Jensen, B. "A hybrid islanding detection technique using average rate of voltage change and real power shift", IEEE Trans. Power Deliv Vol. 24, No. 2, pp. 764–771, 2009. [26] Zeineldin, H. H., El-Saadany, E. F. and Salama, M. M. A. "Impact of DG interface control on islanding detection and nondetection zones", in IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 1515-1523, July 2006.