Economic Evaluation of the Installed PV Arrays in a Certain Area of Solar Fields by the Deployment of the Fixed Reconfiguration Method

Authors

Abstract

Determining row spacing between PV arrays is one of the important issues in designing PV Plants; Increasing this space results in an increase in the cost of ground, as well as the PV plant output power per area and its decreasing leads into a mutual shading and the reduction of PV plant output power. That is while the tendency towards more output power production in limited areas such as roof buildings necessitates a reconsideration of the space among these PV arrays. In this paper, a new fixed reconfiguration method has been used to increase PV arrays installed capacity in certain areas of solar fields, and the row space has been determined accordingly. For this purpose, the mutual shadow models are determined, and the new fixed reconfiguration method is presented for reducing the effects of these shadows. Then, the levelized cost of electricity is described as a criterion for determining the optimal row spacing.
 

Keywords


[1] Horoufiany, M., Zanganeh, A., and Ghandehari, R., "A Multi-Objective Reactive Power Pricing Approach of Distributed Generation Units within Distribution Networks", Tabriz Journal of Electrical Engineering, Vol. 46, No. 3, pp. 150-159, 2016. [2] Wiginton, L., Nguyen, H., and Pearce, J., "Quantifying Rooftop Solar Photovoltaic Potential for Regional Renewable Energy Policy", Computers, Environment and Urban Systems Journal, Vol. 34, No. 4, pp. 345-357, 2010. [3] Ramaprabha, R., and Mathur, B. L., "A Comprehensive Review and Analysis of Solar Photovoltaic Array Configurations under Partial Shaded Conditions", International Journal of Photo Energy, Vol. 2012, pp.1-16, 2012. [4] Sun, Y., Chen, S., Xie, L., Hong, R., and Shen, H., "Investigating the Impact of Shading Effect on the Characteristics of a Large-Scale Grid-Connected PV Power Plant in Northwest China", International Journal of Photo Energy, Vol. 2014, pp. 1-9, 2014. [5] Sanseverino, E., Ngoc, T., Cardinale, M., Li Vigni, V., Musso, D., Romano, P., and Viola, F., "Dynamic Programming and Munkres Algorithm for Optimal Photovoltaic Arrays Reconfiguration", Solar Energy, Vol. 122, pp. 347-358, 2015. [6] Kerekes, T., Koutroulis, E., Séra, D., Teodorescu, R. and Katsanevakis, M., "An Optimization Method for Designing Large PV Plants", IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics, Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 814-822, 2013. [7] Sun jianping "An Optimum Layout Scheme for Photovoltaic Cell Arrays using PVSYST", In Proceedings in International Conference on Mechatronic Science, electric engineering and computer, China, 2011. [8] Castellano, N., Gázquez Parra, J., Valls-Guirado, J., and Manzano-Agugliaro, F., "Optimal Displacement of Photovoltaic Array’s Rows using a Novel Shading Model", Applied Energy, Vol. 144, pp. 1-9, 2015. [9] Weinstock, D., and Appelbaum, J., "Optimal Solar Field Design of Stationary Collectors", Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, Vol. 126, No. 3, p. 898, 2004. [10] Biswas, P., Jhajharia, S., Bhattacharya, S., Khanuja, A., Warthi, A., Tiwari, R., Mathur, J., "An Analytical Approach to Calculate the Spacing between Two Parallel Rows of Non-tracked South Oriented Solar PV Modules Setup in India", In Proceedings in International Conference on Energy, Automation, and Signal (ICEAS), India, 2011. [11] Nashih, S., Fernandes, C., Torres, J., Gomes, J., and Costa Branco, P., "Validation of a Simulation Model for Analysis of Shading Effects on Photovoltaic Panels", Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, Vol. 138, No. 4, pp. 044503-6, 2016. [12] Bidram, A., Davoudi, A., and Balog, R., "Control and Circuit Techniques to Mitigate Partial Shading Effects in Photovoltaic Arrays", IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics, Vol. 2, No. 4, pp. 532-546, 2012. [13] Mishima, T., and Ohnishi, T., "A Power Compensation And Control System for a Partially Shaded PV Array", journal of Electrical Engineering in Japan, Vol. 146, pp. 74–82, Sep. 2004. [14] Karatepe, E., Hiyama, T., Boztepe, M., and Colak, M., "Power Controller Design for Photovoltaic Generation System under Partially Shaded Insolation Conditions", in Proc in 14th Intell. Syst. Appl. Power Syst., 2007 [15] InduRani, B., SaravanaIlango, G., and Nagamani, C., "Enhanced Power Generation From PV Array under Partial Shading Conditions by Shade Dispersion Using Su Do Ku Configuration", IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, Vol. 4, No.3, 2013. [16] Shams El-Dein, M., Kazerani, M., and Salama, M., "An Optimal Total Cross Tied Interconnection for Reducing Mismatch Losses in Photovoltaic Arrays", IEEE Trans. Sustain. Energy, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 99-107, 2013. [17] Srinivasa Rao, P., Saravana Ilango, G., and Nagamani, C., "Maximum Power from PV Arrays using a Fixed Configuration Under Different Shading Conditions", IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 679-686, 2014. [18] SekharSahu, H., Kumar Nayak, S., "Power Enhancement of Partially Shaded PV Array by Using a Novel Approach for Shade Dispersion", IEEE Innovative Smart Grid Technologies - Asia (ISGT Asia), 2014 [19] Nguyen, D., and Lehman, B., "An Adaptive Solar Photovoltaic Array using Model-Based Reconfiguration Algorithm", IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. , Vol. 55, No. 7, pp. 2644–2654, July 2008. [20] Horoufiany, M., and Ghandehari, R., "Optimal Fixed Reconfiguration Scheme for PV Arrays Power Enhancement under Mutual Shading Conditions", IET Renewable Power Generation, Vol. 11, No. 11, pp. 1456-1463, 2017. [21] Horoufiany, M., and Ghandehari, R., "Optimization of the Sudoku Based Reconfiguration Technique for PV Arrays Power Enhancement under Mutual Shading Conditions", Solar Energy, 2017. [22] Bany and J. Appelbaum, "The Effect of Shading on the Design of a Field of Solar Collectors", Solar Cells, Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 201-228, 1987. [23] Weinstock, D, and Appelbaum, J., "Shadow Variation on Photovoltaic Collectors in a Solar Field", 23th Proceedings IEEE Convention of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2004. [24] Moghadam H., and Deymeh, S., "Determination of Optimum Location and Tilt Angle of Solar Collector on the Roof of Buildings With Regard to Shadow of Adjacent Neighbors", Sustainable Cities and Society, Vol. 14, pp. 215-222, 2015. [25] Kenton D. S., "Comparison of the Cost and Financial Returns for Solar Photovoltaic Systems Installed by Businesses in Different Locations Across the United States", Renew Energy, 2013. [26] Talebizadeh, P., mehrabian, M. A., Abdolzadeh, M., "Effect of Solar Angles on Incident Energy of the Flat Collectors". Journal of Energy, Engineering & Management. Vol. 2, No. 4, pp. 12-23, 2012. [27] Khorasanizadeh, H., "Determination of the Monthly, Seasonal, Semi-Yearly and Yearly Optimum Tilt Angles of Flat Plate Solar Collectors in Kashan", Journal of Energy, Engineering & Management, Vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 38-49, 2014. [28] Perez, R., Seals, R., Ineichen, P., Stewart, R., and Menicucci, D., "A New Simplified Version of the Perez Diffuse Irradiance Model for Tilted Surfaces", Solar Energy, Vol. 39, No. 3, pp. 221-231, 1987. [29] Martinez-Rubio, A., Sanz-Adan, F., and Santamaria, J., "Optimal Design of Photovoltaic Energy Collectors with Mutual Shading for Pre-Existing Building Roofs", Renewable Energy, Vol. 78, pp. 666-678, 2015.